Saturation and Parameter Variation Influence Precision of Observer

The authors analyze the influence in vector controlled induction machine caused by parameter variation and main flux saturation affects speed estimation of adaptive state observer. According to simulation of the modified scheme with saturated induction motor model, it is proved that when the vector control scheme operates in field weakening region, the main flux saturation will obviously influence precision of speed observer and bring great error of speed estimation. Thereby, the main flux saturation should be compensated to improve performance of the vector control system.     

Breeding wheat and rye for resistance to Fusarium diseases

Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum Groups 1 and 2 cause seedling blight, crown rot, foot rot and head blight in wheat and rye that may affect grain yield and quality for baking and feeding. This review starts with an analysis of Fusarium populations with regard to their genetic variation for aggressiveness, mycotoxin production, and isolate-by-host genotype interaction. To assess resistance in the different host growth stages, quantitative inoculation and disease assessment techniques are necessary. Based on estimated population parameters, breeding strategies are reviewed to improve Fusarium resistance in wheat and rye. Epidemiological and toxicological aspects of Fusarium resistance that are important for resistance breeding are discussed. F. culmorum and F. graminearum display large genetic variation for aggressiveness in isolate collections and in naturally occurring populations. The production of mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol and its derivatives, is a common trait in these populations. Significant isolate-by-host genotype interactions were not found across environments in wheat and rye. Artificial infections in the field are indispensable for improving Fusarium crown rot, foot rot and head blight resistance in wheat and rye. For a reliable disease assessment of large populations, disease severity ratings were found to be the most convenient. The differentiation of host resistance is greatly influenced by an array of nongenetic factors (macro-environment, microclimate, host growth stage, host organ) that show significant interactions with host genotype. Selection for environmentally stable resistance has to be performed in several environments under a maximum array of different infection levels. Selection in early growth stages or on one plant organ does not in most cases allow prediction of resistance in adult-plant stages or another plant organ. Significant genetic variation for resistance exists for all Fusarium-incited diseases in breeding populations of wheat and rye. The patho-systems studied displayed a prevalence of additive gene action with no consistent specific combining ability effects and thus rapid progress can be expected from recurrent selection. In wheat, intensive testing of parental genotypes allows good prediction of the mean head blight resistance after crossing. Subsequent selection during selfing generations enables the use of transgression towards resistance. In hybrid breeding of winter rye, the close correlation between foot rot resistance of inbred lines and their GCA effects implies that selection based on the lines per se should be highly effective. This is not valid for F. culmorum head blight of winter rye caused by a greater susceptibility of the inbred lines compared to their crosses. For both foot rot and head blight resistance, a high correlation between the resistance to F. graminearum and F. culmorum was found in wheat and rye. Mycotoxin accumulation occurs to a great extent in naturally and artificially infected plant stands. The correlation between resistance traits and mycotoxin contents are medium and highly dependent on the environment. Further experiments are needed to clarify whether greater resistance will lead to a correlated reduction of the mycotoxin content of the grains under natural infection.     

ORTHOGONAL COLLOCATION METHOD AND IT APPLICAIONS IN THE CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Being a kind of MWR, the orthogonal colloacation method can be conveniently used to reduce the initial-boundary value problems of the partial differential equations to initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the orthogonal collocation method is introduced in detail and by using it the dynamic characteristics of a steam-water heater are investigated.     

Effects of the Adaptable Distribution for Lateral Forces Considering modes Coupling on Structural Pushover Analysis

Two high and flexible RC frame structures are analyzed;the paper explains the rise in the structural damping ratio and the base mode's drifting,and the modes coupling is caused by the greatly rising damping ratio.The paper also proposes that the modes coupling need be considered in the pushover analysis of the high and flexible RC frame structures.A CQC adaptive distribution for lateral forces in considering the modes coupling at every load step is given,and is compared with the traditional SRSS one.Meanwhile,some practical engineering suggestions are given.     

硅对严重干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了硅对严重干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:黄瓜幼苗在严重干旱胁迫6 d后,Fo升高,Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo及NPQ均下降,施硅使各荧光参数均呈现相反的变化趋势。说明土壤施硅可缓解严重干旱胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合机构的损伤与破坏,提高抗旱性能。     

Rank correlation among parametric and nonparametric measures of phenotypic stability

Summary There is an increasing number of stability parameters for genotypes grown in different environments. It is therefore useful to study the statistical relations between these parameters. One approach is the calculation of rank correlations between different stability parameters in empirical data sets. In the data analysed there are high rank correlations between ecovalence W_i, deviation mean square s² _di, the nonparametric measures S_i ⁽¹⁾, S_i ⁽²⁾, and two new measures R_i and L_i as well as between environmental variance S² _xi and regression coefficient b_i. The results suggest that S_i ⁽¹⁾, S_i ⁽²⁾, L_i, and R_i can be used as alternatives to W_i and the stability variance ² _i. This may be worthwhile, if certain statistical assumptions do not hold, particularly if significance testing is needed.     

棉花烂铃病流行趋势超长期预报模型及其应用研究

本文对ＧＭ（１，１）模型参数估计方法进行了改进和简化，据此组建了苏北沿海棉区棉花烂铃病流行趋势超长期预报模型，经１９８０～１９８９年回报和１９９０～１９９５年预报，棉花烂铃病流行轻、重发生的符合率达１００％；１９９６～２０００年预报结果为１９９８年和２０００年为重发生，其余３ａ为轻发生。这将为棉花烂铃病的研究和防治规划提供科学决策依据，也为ＧＭ（１，１）模型能在基层病虫测报站推广应用创造了条件。     

Chaotic Synchronization of Discrete Nonlinear Systems on Different Parameters for a Kind of Systems

According to the theory of parameters adaptive control and variable driving, for a kind of discrete nonlinear chaotic systems, a method of chaotic synchronization is presented for different system parameters. In the equation of parameters adaptive control, control coefficients are chaotic signal. Because control coefficients are constant usually for the former parameters adaptive control, so the parameters adaptive control method is very universal, namely the former parameters adaptive control methods are special examples in our control method. Simulation results show that this method is available.     

甘蔗品种抗旱性光合生理指标及其综合评价

利用相关、主成分、聚类和判别分析, 研究有关生理生化指标与甘蔗抗旱性关系. 结果表明: (1)中度水分胁迫下, MDA含量和PMP有不同程度地提高, 而Fv/Fm、 Fv/Fo、ΔFv/Fo、ΔFv/Ft和T1/2 有不同程度地降低, 变化的幅度因供试品种基因型而异. (2)PMP与MDA含量呈极显著正相关, 而与Fv/Fm、 Fv/Fo及ΔFv/Fo呈显著负相关; Fv/Fm与F     

Quantifiable Technique for Product Definition

近年来，我国水果种植业发展十分迅速，总产量跃居世界第一位。但是，一种奇怪的现象一直困扰着水果市场，一方面农民卖果难；另一方面水果出口数量发展缓慢，国内市场终端的水果质量也不尽人意。除了某些水果品种过时、栽培技术有待改进外，另一个主要原因就是水果物流过程中存在着诸多问题。提高我国水果在国际市场的竞争能力，改善我国水果市场终端的商品品质，减少水果采后物流中的损耗是摆在水果研究人员面前亟待解决的问题。本文将对几种有代表性水果的物流现状进行概述，并就目前水果物流中存在的问题进行分析。１红富士苹果１．１主…